For Namakwa Sands, a shortage of electricity is the biggest challenge this operation will face in the next three to five years. However, investigations are well under way for the implementation of a 15MW electricity co-generation project at the smelter, in which carbon monoxide waste gas from the two Ilmenite smelting furnaces will be used as fuel. This will reduce Namakwa Sands’ electricity requirement by more than 100GWh per annum.